Review: Các thì hiện tại - Present Tenses

FORM

USAGE

ADVERBS OF TIME

Affirmative:

To be = am/is/are

I, We, You, They +verb bare

He, She, It + Verb (s/es)

Negative:

I am not…

He / She/ It is not… (isn’t)

We/ You/They are not… (aren’t)

I/ We/You/They + DONOT ( don’t)+ Vo

He/She/It + DOESNOT (doesn’t) + Vo

Interrogative:

DO+ I/You/ We/ They + Verb?

DOES + He/She/ IT + Verb?

Examples:

(+) I am a student.

(-)  I am NOT a student

(?) Am I a student?

(+) Mary gets up early.

(-) Mary DOES NOT get up early

(-) DOES Mary get up early

1. For a general truth

Ex: The sun rises in the East

       I am a student

2.For  habits which happen and repeat in the present

Ex: Mary often goes to school by bicycle

I get up early every morning

Adverb of frequency Often, usually, frequently, always, constantly, sometimes, occasionally, seldom, rarely, every day, monthly, yearly, daily, once a day/month/ year, twice a day/month/ year....

POSITION OF ADVERB OF FREQUENCY::

 1.BEFORE MAIN VERBS

2. AFTER TOBE

Ex:

She is ALWAYS sick

She ALWAYS get sick

FORM

USAGE

ADVERBS OF TIME

Affirmative:

I AM + V-ING

HE, SHE, IT + IS + V-ING

WE, YOU, THEY + ARE +V-ING

Negative:

S+ AM/IS/ARE + NOT + V-ING

Interrogative:

AM/IS/ARE + S + V-ING?

Examples:

(+) Mary is going to school

(-) Mary IS  NOT going to school

(-) IS Mary going to shool?

1.Action are happening in the present time at the moment of speaking

 Ex:

The children are playing football now?

What are you doing at the moment?

2. An action happens in near future

I am flying to New York tomorrow

Note:

Chỉ dùng THÌ HIỆN TẠI ĐƠN / QUÁ KHỨ ĐƠN  và không dùng THÌ HIỆN TẠI TIẾP DIỄN/ QUÁ KHỨ TIẾP DIỄN với các ĐỘNG TỪ TRI GIÁC VÀ ĐỘNG TỪ CHỈ NHẬN THỨC như sau:

See, hear, understand, know, like, want, glance, feel, think, smell, love, hate, realize, seem, remember, forget

She wants to go for a walk now

 NOT: she is wanting to go for a walk now

Adverb of time:

Now

At the moment

At this time

At present

In Imperative Structure

Be quiet! The baby is sleeping

FORM

USAGE

ADVERB OF TIME

Affirmative:

I/WE/YOU/THEY + HAVE + V3/ED

HE/SHE/IT + HAS + V3/ED

Negative:

I/WE/YOU/THEY + HAVE NOT (HAVEN’T) + V3/ED

HE/SHE/IT + HAS NOT (HASN’T) + V3/ED

Interrogative:

HAVE + I/YOU/WE/THEY + V3/ED?

HAS + HE/SHE/IT + V3/ED?

Examples:

(+) Mary HAS READ book for 2 hours

(-) Mary HASN’T READ book for 2 hours

(?) HAS Mary READ book for 2 hours?

1.An action that began in the past and continues up to the present time

 Ex:

Mary has lived in this house for 10 years

2.  A past action still an effect upon something at the present

Ex

He has broken his leg, so he can’t play tennis.

Adverb of time:

+ just: vừa mới, gần đây ( đứng sau have/has)

+recently: gần đây (đứng sau have/has hoặc cuối câu)

 +lately: gẩn đây ( đứng cuối câu)

+ never: chưa bao giờ (đứng sau have/has)

+ yet: chưa ( chỉ đứng cuối câu và dùng trong khẳng định và nghi vấn)

+ for

+since

+ ever: đã từng

+ already: rồi ( đứng sau have/has hoặc đứng cuối câu)

+ so far, until now, up to now, up to the present: cho đến bây giờ

+ It is / This is the first time/ the second times/ the three times....

+ IN STRUCTURE OF SUPERLATIVE COMPARISON

Ex: It is the most boring film I have ever seen

SINCE AND FOR:

 SINCE: for a point of time

FOR: for a period of time

Ex:

 I have studied English for 3 years

I have studied English since 1999

After SINCE, use SIMPLE PAST

Ex: I haven’t seen her since she was a little girl

FORM

USAGE

ADVERBS OF TIME

Affirmative:

I/WE/YOU/THEY + HAVE + BEEN + V-ING

HE/SHE/IT + HAS + BEEN + V-ING

Negative:

I/WE/YOU/THEY + HAVE NOT (HAVEN’T) + BEEN + V-ING

HE/SHE/IT + HAS NOT (HASN’T) + BEEN + V-ING

Interrogative:

HAVE + I/YOU/WE/THEY + BEEN + V-ING?

HAS + HE/SHE/IT + BEEN + V-ING?

Examples:

(+) Mary HAS  BEEN READING  book for 2 hours

(-) Mary HASN’T BEEN READING book for 2 hours

(?) HAS Mary BEEN READING book for 2 hours?

Use alike the Present Perfect, but emphasize the continuation of an action